Collaborative Gaps: Investigating the Role of Civilian-Religious Authority Disconnection in Psychosocial Support Provision during the 2014 Floods

Authors

Dragiša Jurišić, Zarko Marceta

Abstract

This study examines the collaborative dynamics between civilian and religious authorities in providing psychosocial support following the 2014 floods in the Sava, Vrbas, and Vrbanja River Basins in the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through surveys with 275 residents and interviews with civil and religious authorities, a notable pattern emerged: while both groups expressed a mutual desire to work together, a reluctance to initiate collaboration hindered progress. Interviews revealed that each group awaited an invitation from the other, resulting in a standstill despite shared interests in cooperation. The study identifies several underlying reasons for this hesitation. Uncertainties about roles, responsibilities, and communication channels contributed to the impasse, perpetuating a cycle of inaction. Despite recognizing the importance of supporting disaster-affected communities, the absence of proactive outreach from either side sustained the disconnect. This research underscores the significance of addressing these collaborative barriers. It emphasizes the need for clear communication, mutual understanding, and proactive engagement to foster effective collaboration between civilian and religious authorities. By creating an environment conducive to openness and initiative-taking, stakeholders can overcome hurdles and enhance disaster response and resilience efforts. The findings have implications for policymakers, practitioners, and community leaders involved in disaster management. By acknowledging and addressing the challenges inhibiting collaboration, stakeholders can unlock the potential of civilian-religious partnerships to strengthen psychosocial support provision and build more resilient communities in the face of future disasters.

Keywords

collaboration, civilian, religious authorities, psychosocial support, disaster management

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 1-18
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

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Suggested Citation

Jurišić, D., & Marceta, Z. (2024). Collaborative Gaps: Investigating the Role of Civilian-Religious Authority Disconnection in Psychosocial Support Provision during the 2014 Floods. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.1

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Resilience of Higher Education Institutions to Security Risks – Analysis of the Current State and the Need for Cooperation

Authors

Milica Bošković, Nenad Putnik, Nemanja Stevanović, Mina Suknovic, Arif Akgul, Miraš Milašinović

Abstract

Educational institutions should inherently embody the values and directions that a society and state aspire to follow, while also playing an expert role in shaping not only educational policies but broader societal policies as well. However, as societies today face various challenges and threats, the educational system is not exempt from the negative phenomena shaping contemporary events and processes. Rapid global political shifts, conflicts, internal social violence, cyber threats, and other risks necessitate that the education system, through both formal and informal educational content, equips students, pupils, and even adults with the necessary knowledge to respond adequately to crises. A literature review on risk management in higher education yields limited results (Raanan, 2009), with most studies focusing on teaching risk management to students or practitioners, such as those by Menoni (2006) and Gabel (2008). To assess the preparedness of higher education institutions (HEIs) and their employees for various security risks, we conducted a study as part of the project activity "Enhancing the Capacities of Higher Education Institutions for Various Security Risks", under the Erasmus CBHE programme.

Keywords

HEI, risk, knowledge, cooperation, resilience, analysis, management

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2025
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 443-454
Published: 2025-12-24

DOI and Full Text

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Suggested Citation

Bošković, M., Putnik, N., Stevanović, N., Suknovic, M., Akgul, A., & Milašinović, M. (2025). Resilience of Higher Education Institutions to Security Risks – Analysis of the Current State and the Need for Cooperation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(2), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.2.24

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The Impacts of Upstream Damming of the Omo River on Flood-Retreat Agriculture and Food Security Among Dassanech Agro-pastoralists, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia

Authors

Seid Ahmed

Abstract

The Omo River is mainly considered a lifeline for the Southern Ethiopia lower Omo valley pastoral and agro-pastoralist communities of the Dassenech, whose food security and livelihood system totally depends on it. The seasonal flooding and subsequent flood-retreat cultivation of the river basin provide a new, stable crop-harvesting season for both household consumption and market sales. This is why most scholars argued that the entire social, economic, livelihood, and socio-cultural practices of Dassenech villagers depend on the rise and fall of the Omo River. Despite this, upstream Omo River damming and associated large–scale agricultural investment, in the face of climate variability and change, as well as the commercialization of Dassenech agro-pastoralist land and water source ecosystems, have become critical concerns for their flood-retreat agriculture and livelihood systems. Throughout the study, the researcher employed an interpretativist epistemological paradigm along with a qualitative research method to explore and understand the phenomena from the study participants' or actors’ own perspective, and to examine the world they experienced via key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and a case study with nearly 68 participants. So, this article aims to assess and analyze the impacts of upstream damming of the Omo River on flood retreat agriculture and food security among the Dassenech agro-pastoralists of the Lower Omo Valley in detail, and how it affects local agro-pastoralists' survival systems in the face of harsh agro-ecology and climate change. However, the study findings reveal that the destruction of Dassenech pastoral and agro-pastoral communities, flood retreat agriculture swiftly produces and intensifies major humanitarian disasters, including drought, and recurrent occurrences of flooding disasters in the area, with widespread conditions of starvation, disease, and spiraling interethnic armed conflict between the tri-nation border region of the lower Omo valley region. This increased their vulnerability to the effects of food insecurity, due to the loss of their seasonal sources of grain products - flood retreat crop cultivation, as well as livestock grazing areas. Therefore, to ensure the well-being of human development in the area, maintaining the sustainability of local ecosystem functions is vital for local communities' survival and resilience-building.

Keywords

lower Omo Valley, agro-pastoralist, food security, flood-retreat Agriculture

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2025
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 529-550
Published: 2025-12-24

DOI and Full Text

DOI: View DOI record
Article Page: View article page
PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

Ahmed, S. (2025). The Impacts of Upstream Damming of the Omo River on Flood-Retreat Agriculture and Food Security Among Dassanech Agro-pastoralists, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia . International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(2), 529-550. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.2.30

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The Impact of Political Variables on the Quality of Health Services in Governmental Hospitals - Case Study: Al-Shifa Medical Complex

Authors

Ahmad H. Al-Ramlawi, Jamil F. Al-Agha, Nizam M. El-Ashgar

Abstract

The Gaza Strip’s hospitals and health centers face severe shortages of medical devices and essential equipment due to prolonged political instability. This study aimed to assess the impact of political variables on the quality of health services at Al-Shifa Medical Complex. A descriptive analytical approach was adopted. Data were collected through 15 field observation visits and five structured interviews with key healthcare stakeholders, including physicians, nurses, and administrators. Observations focused on equipment availability, staff adequacy, and service delivery efficiency. Findings revealed that the prolonged Israeli blockade and internal Palestinian political division have critically undermined healthcare quality, availability, and resilience at Al-Shifa Medical Complex. Key challenges include shortages of essential medicines, medical equipment, and trained personnel; frequent power outages; inadequate hospital infrastructure; and staff-to-patient ratios averaging 1:12 per shift, all of which delay treatments, reduce patient safety, and compromise specialized services such as dialysis and neonatal care. Political instability directly affects staff capacity and the efficiency of health services, underscoring the urgent need for strategic interventions to strengthen hospital resilience. Hospital administrators and policymakers should prioritize equipping departments with essential medical devices, ensuring reliable medication supplies, and maintaining adequate staffing levels. Strengthening professional development and staff incentives, along with creating a safe, sustainable healthcare environment, are essential to improving service quality and system resilience. These measures support the strategic objectives of the Palestinian Ministry of Health and help safeguard healthcare delivery under political instability.

Keywords

health services quality, governmental hospitals, Al-Shifa medical complex, Israeli blockade, Gaza Strip

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2025
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 517-528
Published: 2025-12-24

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Suggested Citation

Al-Ramlawi , A. H., Al-Agha , J. F., & El-Ashgar, N. M. (2025). The Impact of Political Variables on the Quality of Health Services in Governmental Hospitals - Case Study: Al-Shifa Medical Complex. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(2), 517-528. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.2.29

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The Impact of Geographic Information Systems on Emergency Management and Disaster Response in Nigeria

Authors

Oluwadamilola Michael Akinwale, Marie Adera Ogal Adongo, Sadiq Nasir, Olajumoke Mary Akinwale, Felix Olaniyi Sanni

Abstract

Emergency and disaster management in Nigeria has been marked by inadequate preparation, disorganized structures, reliance on donor-driven models, and a lack of accessible data. These issues pose significant challenges and uncertainties for the country's disaster management approach. This study, therefore, examines the impact of GIS on emergency management and disaster response in Nigeria. The study uses a cross-sectional design to assess the effect of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on emergency management and disaster response in Nigeria. A quantitative approach was utilized, with data collected via a structured questionnaire from stakeholders involved in disaster management across Nigeria. A simple random sampling method was employed with a sample size of 124 respondents from all six geopolitical zones in Nigeria to ensure regional diversity. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 28. The study assessed the role of GIS technology in strengthening emergency management and disaster response in Nigeria. Results showed that respondents generally perceived GIS positively, with particular emphasis on the importance of data availability (6.39±0.78) and system maintenance (6.51±0.81). While satisfaction with existing emergency response was mostly neutral (means ranging from 3.81±1.71 to 4.43±1.85), there was strong agreement on the need for improvements (6.24±1.14). Differences were observed across professions, with IT and Technology professionals recording the highest satisfaction (6.36±0.46). Sociodemographic factors also influenced perceptions, as older respondents reported higher satisfaction (6.17±0.51) than younger ones (5.38±0.17), with statistical significance (p<0.05). Although age and gender were not significant predictors, respondents outside Management and Consulting had higher odds (AOR=20.422, p<0.05) of expressing satisfaction with the emergency response system. The study demonstrates that GIS is perceived as essential for strengthening emergency preparedness and response in Nigeria. Findings highlight critical gaps in data sharing, funding, and system coordination and provide evidence-based insights to improve GIS integration nationwide. The findings highlight the need for improvements in GIS technology applications and emergency response systems in Nigeria.

Keywords

disaster management, emergency response, emergency management, geographic information systems, technology

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2025
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 501-516
Published: 2025-12-24

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PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

Akinwale, O. M., Adongo, M. A. O., Nasir, S., Akinwale, O. M., & Sanni, F. . O. (2025). The Impact of Geographic Information Systems on Emergency Management and Disaster Response in Nigeria. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(2), 501-516. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.2.28

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Tax Incentives as a Preventive Measure to Reduce Disaster Risk

Authors

Luka Baturan, Goran Milošević, Cvjetana Cvjetković-Ivetić

Abstract

A comprehensive and adaptive approach by the state, all its public and legal bodies, the economy, and other entities to actively approach the possibility of implementing appropriate measures in accordance with the real flows of disaster risks to create conditions for a more effective and efficient disaster risk reduction system is a condition and a necessity of every state. Reducing the risk of disaster requires an active role by the state, specifically a response model that must also include the capacity for preventive action, i.e., the protection system's action before an undesired event occurs. In this regard, the paper will analyse citizens' stance and the potential application of tax incentives as one instrument to enhance the level of preventive measures and actions that would enable a stronger and more active role for all stakeholders in the system of disaster risk reduction and emergency management. By establishing these conditions, the disaster risk reduction system could respond more swiftly to the changing nature of disaster risks.

Keywords

tax policy, tax incentives, prevention, risk, disaster, public interest

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2025
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 491-500
Published: 2025-12-24

DOI and Full Text

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PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

Baturan, L., Milošević, G., & Cvjetković-Ivetić, C. (2025). Tax Incentives as a Preventive Measure to Reduce Disaster Risk. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(2), 491-500. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.2.27

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2. Baćilo, I. (2025). Rescue Light Communication System (RLCS): Enhancing Emergency Signaling in Crisis Situations. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.4

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Shelter for people in extreme weather: Exploring the options in the coastal areas of Bangladesh

Authors

Syed Monirul Islam

Abstract

Bangladesh's coast is affected by tropical cyclones, which are now exacerbated by climate change in terms of intensity and frequency. Though the death toll from cyclones has decreased significantly through the implementation of the CPP (Cyclone Preparedness Programme), initiated by the Bangladesh Government, the event still disrupts the lives and resources of coastal communities. The primary sector destroyed during a cyclone is coastal communities' housing, settlements, and livelihoods. During a cyclone, coastal residents must evacuate their homes to a cyclone shelter for temporary refuge, whereas many do not intend to leave their homes and properties. Several initiatives have been undertaken in Bangladesh to provide shelter during cyclones. The common practice of sheltering people is building a "Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter". Some "Killas" were also constructed to shelter the livestock. After the cyclones of 1970, 1991, SIDR, and Aila, the Bangladesh Government and some NGOs also provided houses to affected people in coastal areas. However, most initiatives in coastal shelter design were not successful enough to provide sustainable shelters, considering both durability and maintenance. Architects in Bangladesh are still searching for the most effective and sustainable solution to provide shelter to the coastal community, considering the devastating cyclone. This paper examines shelter design initiatives by studying existing shelters and proposes alternative solutions to provide shelter to people on the coast of Bangladesh. For the study, examples of shelter design and construction following the devastating cyclones of 1970, 1991, SIDR, and Aila have been analyzed through a literature review and physical survey. A physical survey of some affected areas has been conducted to understand their inherent and indigenous survival mechanism. Based on this study, the research proposes a sustainable solution for sheltering coastal communities.

Keywords

cyclone, multipurpose cyclone shelter, disaster resilient house, shelter design, indigenous knowledge

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2025
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 469-490
Published: 2025-12-24

DOI and Full Text

DOI: View DOI record
Article Page: View article page
PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

Islam, S. M. (2025). Shelter for people in extreme weather: Exploring the options in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(2), 469-490. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.2.26

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Putting People First: Why Pooled Funds Belong to Communities

Authors

Rhinadel Canete, Dustin Joiner, Rusty Binas

Abstract

Pooled funds are intended to make humanitarian and development financing more equitable and efficient, yet they often replicate top-down systems that keep crisis-affected communities depend on external actors. This paper investigates why pooled funds have struggled to achieve locally led transformation and how they can evolve to empower communities as decision makers and increase their capacities as implementers. Drawing on cases from Uganda, the Philippines, and Bangladesh, complemented by evidence from other crisis and recovery contexts—the paper identifies structural barriers such as rigid compliance rules, donor-driven governance, and short-term funding cycles. It distinguishes between localisation, which expands local roles within existing systems, and locally led action, which transfers actual decision-making power to communities. The research develops a six-step operational framework that translates global commitments into actionable design features: (i) grounding investments in community-identified priorities; (ii) facilitate shared governance structures; (iii) Facilitate Fit-for-Scale Trustworthiness; (iv) enabling multi-year and flexible funding; (v) investing in transformation not just outputs; and (vi) measuring resilience transformation alongside facilitating. The findings show that community-driven pooled funding is both feasible and compatible with donor accountability requirements. The study contributes to humanitarian financing debates by proposing practical pathways for donors and fund managers to reorient pooled funds from sustaining survival toward enabling self-determination, dignity, and resilience.

Keywords

pooled funding, localisation, locally led action, humanitarian finance, development finance, community-led recovery, donor policy, funding governance, participatory decision-making, resilience building

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2025
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 417-442
Published: 2025-12-24

DOI and Full Text

DOI: View DOI record
Article Page: View article page
PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

Canete, R., Joiner, D., & Binas, R. (2025). Putting People First: Why Pooled Funds Belong to Communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(2), 417-442. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.2.23

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