Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Authors

Henderson K. Balanggoy

Abstract

The high mortality rates resulting from the disaster have led to significant losses. This study is of utmost importance as it aims to evaluate the implementation of the four thematic areas of disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) in the Secondary Public Schools located in the Province of Benguet Philippines. The study also aims to identify the variations in implementing DRRM across the participating schools and the challenges and training needs related to DRRM. While the findings indicate a high level of implementation for disaster prevention and mitigation, preparedness, recovery, and rehabilitation, disaster response needs improvement in the implementation. DRRM raises various concerns among institutions, such as lack of budget, multiple tasks assigned to the school DRRM coordinator, and insufficient parental support. However, with the right interventions, these challenges can be overcome. Moreover, public school educators must receive training in the field of DRRM, such as basic life support training, first aid training, contingency training, and incident command systems, which presents an opportunity for improvement. As a result, a lack of resources, emergency supplies, communication systems, and effective response mechanisms will not be delivered, and this can turn out to be disastrous to the learners and the teachers. With this, collaboration needs to be established with other government agencies and the private sector.

Keywords

Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, DRRM, Implementation of DRRM, four thematic Areas of DRRM, Challenges in the Implementation of DRRM

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 119-132
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

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Suggested Citation

K. Balanggoy, H. (2024). Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.8

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Private sectors’ interventions in Disaster Risk Management

Authors

Sukhdeep Kaur, Kashmir Singh

Abstract

The private sector can play a pivotal role in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) by providing services to strengthen resilience such as climate-resilient infrastructure, supply chain, recovery planning, etc. It can also lead the projects to enhance preparedness by providing expertise in risk assessment, relief coordination, and financial protection. With these capabilities, the private sector can extend its cooperation to the government and public sector to reduce people’s vulnerability to various disasters. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the prominent ways in which the private sector can contribute towards DRM. In India, private sector-led bodies like the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) are prominently contributing to DRM through CSR towards capacity-building programs. Private firms of varied sizes such as Mahindra, Reliance, and TATA, make varying financial and non-financial contributions toward relief operations and resilience at the individual level. However, a contribution to disaster preparedness in India by collective private bodies and industry associations has the upper edge because they push for improving the scalability and efficiency of innovative solutions and ease of community use of advanced technological tools. The present study highlights the prominent programs these private bodies such as Alliance for Disaster Resilient Societies (ARISE) India that promote the private sector’s contribution to disaster risk management. Based on the best practices of these programs the recommendations are drawn that stress a strong partnership (Public Private Partnerships (PPPs)) between different stakeholders (Public and Private) to improve the accountability and feasibility of disaster preparedness.

Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Disaster Risk Management (DRM); Private sector; Public Private Partnerships (PPPs); Capacity Building.

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 105-118
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

DOI: View DOI record
Article Page: View article page
PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

Kaur, S., & Singh, K. (2024). Private sectors’ interventions in Disaster Risk Management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.7

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A Systematic Literary Review on Community Resilience Indicators: Adaptation and Application of the BRIC Method for Measuring Disasters Resilience

Authors

Dalibor Milenković, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Renate Renner

Abstract

Community resilience represents an important concept in the comprehensive approach to disaster management. It is assumed that optimal community resilience can mitigate negative impacts and enable adaptation, thereby reducing the negative consequences of future disasters. The measurement of community resilience to disasters has advanced over the past two decades, primarily through the use of indicators that measure community resilience indices. The Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) represent an increasingly popular and frequently used quantitative method for measuring community resilience indices to disasters. This literature review was conducted to examine and assess the use and adaptation of the BRIC method in measuring community resilience. The review comprehensively analyzes relevant scientific papers, extracting and synthesizing the most important findings from the studies, which provided the necessary data to meet the objectives of the literature review. A total of 37 relevant studies were identified for analysis in the review. The indicators used were examined, including their selection, grouping, and evaluation procedures, as well as the calculation of the appropriate index. The review also covered the method of data collection needed to measure the impact of indicators on resilience, as well as the shortcomings of this process. The measurement of community resilience to disasters is a contemporary issue, with several detected shortcomings in the process itself. The need to adapt the BRIC method to the local context has been established. Improving the process of determining indicators and measuring indices would lead to broader use of the method in efforts to reduce disaster risk and enhance resilience to disasters.

Keywords

community resilience, disaster resilience indicators, natural disasters, resilience index, BRIC, DROP

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 79-104
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

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PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

Milenković, D. ., Cvetković, V. M., & Renner, R. (2024). A Systematic Literary Review on Community Resilience Indicators: Adaptation and Application of the BRIC Method for Measuring Disasters Resilience . International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 79-104. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.6

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An Inevitable Technological Disaster Type: Space Debris

Authors

Fikret Emre Öcal, Salih Torun

Abstract

The rapid accumulation of space debris has emerged as a critical threat to global satellite infrastructure, jeopardizing essential services such as communications, navigation and real-time weather forecasting, which are fundamental to effective disaster management. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the multifaceted challenges posed by space debris, focusing on collision risks, Kessler Syndrome and the inherent vulnerabilities of satellite networks. It highlights significant gaps in existing international regulatory frameworks, underscoring the urgent need for stronger global coordination. While technological interventions such as Active Debris Removal (ADR) and enhanced Space Situational Awareness (SSA) show promise, they fall short when applied alone. A sustainable solution requires an integrated approach that combines innovative technologies such as on-orbit manufacturing and self-destruction systems with policy reforms that enforce stricter debris management protocols and encourage compliance with economic measures such as debris removal credits and orbital parking fees. China, European Union, the United States and some other countries have already begun the work needed to coordinate space activities, but the breadth of these efforts and rules varies from country to country, and the lack of ownership or control of space is a problem. Given the important role of satellites in disaster response, the protection of space assets is essential to sustaining global resilience. Ensuring long-term sustainability will depend on international cooperation, binding agreements and a collective commitment to preserve the orbital environment for future generations.

Keywords

space debris, active debris removal (ADR), space situational awareness (SSA), kessler syndrome, technological disaster

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 61-78
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

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Suggested Citation

Öcal, F. E. ., & Torun, S. . (2024). An Inevitable Technological Disaster Type: Space Debris. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.5

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Business Continuity Planning for the Hazardous Chemical Handling Industry: A New Conceptual Approach

Authors

Yudhistra A. Kumar

Abstract

The conceptual approach of handling an on-site emergency and continuity of the business in difficult circumstances has been presented. The framework defines the various teams, which are involved in handling an emergency like an explosion of one of our chemical manufacturing units, which has caused due to the uncontrolled reaction of the 4-Nitro-N-Methyl phthalimide reaction. The firefighting team along with the state emergency rescue team have been involved in controlling the emergency. The various steps which are taken in handling the emergency have been informed to the management team through the management representative. After ascertaining the situation, the management team permits activating the business continuity plan and shifting the men, materials, and machinery to one of the new units located at Atchutapuram, Visakhapatnam, India, to continue the business. There were some delays during the transition stage. After erecting the process equipment, pre-start-up safety reviews have been conducted and resumed production, thus meeting the production goals leading to sustainable business in difficult circumstances.

Keywords

on-site emergency, business continuity planning, emergency response team, management representative, management team, sustainable business

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 51-60
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

DOI: View DOI record
Article Page: View article page
PDF: Download full-text PDF

Suggested Citation

A. Kumar, Y. . (2024). Business Continuity Planning for the Hazardous Chemical Handling Industry: A New Conceptual Approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.4

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The Contribution of Roads to Forest Fire Protection in Tamza Municipality, Northeast Algeria

Authors

Faicel Tout, Nouh Rebouh, Haythem Dinar, Yacine Benzid, Zakaria Zouak

Abstract

With rising forest fire frequency due to climate change, countries are advancing measures for prevention and faster emergency response. In Algeria, efforts centre on improving access to at-risk forests by expanding forest roads and paths. This study focuses on Ain Mimoun, Tamza in Khenchela Province, examining the role of these routes in forest protection. Using Geographic Information Systems (Google Earth Engine and ArcGIS) alongside field surveys, it identifies areas impacted by the 2021 fires through the difference normalised burn ratio (dNBR) and assesses road proximity to affected zones. Using a cartographic approach, this study highlights road density in fire-hit areas, revealing several constraints limiting the roads' effectiveness as fire barriers. Factors such as tree types and terrain influence fire spread, while fires near forest entrances impede firefighting vehicles due to risks from visibility and respiratory hazards. Maintenance issues further limit the utility of forest paths, and outdated forest road maps complicate firefighting efforts. Proposed solutions include upgrading the firefighting fleet with advanced tools like aircraft for isolated areas, intensifying forest road maintenance, and increasing forest monitors. Additionally, the study suggests exploring fire-resistant plant species, adopting strategic afforestation, and using Geographic Information Systems alongside advanced technologies like drones. These drones, which can provide real-time monitoring of fire and road conditions, support timely decision-making for rescue, evacuation and emergency response.

Keywords

disasters, forest fires, roads, protection, Tamza, Algeria

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 39-50
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

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Suggested Citation

Tout, F., Rebouh, N. ., Dinar, H. . ., Benzid, Y. . ., & Zouak, Z. (2024). The Contribution of Roads to Forest Fire Protection in Tamza Municipality, Northeast Algeria. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.3

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Centres or Units: Making Sense of Decentralisation of Disaster Management in South African Municipalities

Authors

Mosekama Osia Mokhele

Abstract

Disasters can shake institutions and their adaptive strategies temporarily and often in the aftermath of a disaster. Disaster events, such as floods and epidemics, unceasingly demonstrate that disasters provide an avenue for a "litmus test" for institutional effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability. Therefore, this study examines municipalities’ receptivity to their role in an integrated disaster management system. Based on the literature and 25 interviews in three research areas: (1) legislative understanding and legislative implementation, (2) the establishment of disaster management centres as units and (3) relevance of institutional capacity [decision-making powers of the head of centres]. This study established that the disaster management centres are established in various municipalities as units supported by Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002 as amended by Act 16 of 2015. This is very solid legislative support, but practical implementation problems persist, especially concerning coordinating disaster management activities and financial accountability at the municipal level. Whereas the framework has sought to ensure a standardised method of governance, the decentralisation process has ensured disparities in municipalities’ resource base and procedural practices. Deep-rooted power differences and tightly embedded hierarchies can restrict collaboration and slow decision-making. Given these findings, it is recommended that attention be directed at the following areas: i) developing more effective mechanisms for compliance with standardised disaster management guidelines; ii) planning and operationalising policies to ensure equitable resource distribution; and iii) introducing reforms into existing systems to make disaster management structures more transparent and equitable. Furthermore, the head of the centre should be fully delegated with disaster management power and authority as enshrined in Section 44(3) of the Disaster Management Act 2002, as amended in 2015, to strengthen various stakeholders' internal and external collaboration.

Keywords

decentralisation, disaster management, disaster management centres, units, south African municipalities

Publication Details

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
Year: 2024
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 19-38
Published: 2024-12-25

DOI and Full Text

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Suggested Citation

Mokhele, M. O. (2024). Centres or Units: Making Sense of Decentralisation of Disaster Management in South African Municipalities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 6(2), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.2

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